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Interesting information on the Eyptians and their art.

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The Egyptians lived along the Nile river. Considering all the grandure of the temples and tombs, you might be surprised to know that their homes were mostly mud huts. They were more interested in building temples for their gods and tombs for their dead than nice homes for themselves. Only royalty and the very rich lived in great luxury.

 
The Egyptians believed in life after death, which is referred to as the afterlife. Great tombs were built for the kings which became elaborate houses for the dead. Some of these tombs were housed inside triangular shaped constructions called pyramids.

The great pyramid of Giza stands more than 460 feet high and contain over 2.5 million blocks of stone, averaging over 2 tons per stone. More than 100,000 men worked for 20 years to build this tomb which covers 12 acres of land.

 

Obelisk

Huge temples were built to worship their many gods. They contained elaborate paintings and hieroglyphics.

The priests would enter a temple between two tall pointed towers called obelisks. These structures were often covered in heiroglyphics as well.

Next came a gateway into a courtyard and beyond that was a great hall lined with tall decorative columns.

Behind the hall was a room containing giant statues of the god or godess to which the temple was built for.

Kings were called Pharohs and were often believed to be gods though not worshiped in quite the same way.

Column

 
When Egyptians died their bodies were embalmed, which is a way of preserving the body. This process was developed from the observance that their practice of burying the dead in sand drew out the moisture in the body. This kept the body from rotting. A special salt was used by embalmers in place of sand.

Part of the embalming process called for the bodies to be wrapped in long strips of linen and placed in an elaborate coffin. Often these coffins were shaped like bodies and had the face of the deceased carved onto the front. Every inch of the coffin was covered with pictures, hieroglyphics, and decorative motifs. Even the inside of the coffins.

Workers started making the coffins and decorating their tombs while the person was still alive. Sometimes the coffin was placed inside a second and even a third coffin. Each just as elaborate as the first. They were then placed inside a sarcophagus, which is a large stone box-like structure.

 
A deceased pharoah might have a death mask placed on his head before being placed in the coffin. King Tut's death mask is the most often seen in photographs today.

A person's possessions, that he would need in his next life, were buried with him. This included things such as his weapons, eating utensils, jewelry, furniture, and games. They might even have their pet embalmed to take on their journey to the next life.

 
The organs of the dead were removed from the body and placed in small vases for safe keeping. The lids of these containers often had the image of the deceased or that of a god carved into it.

One organ that was not saved was the brain. The Egyptians didn't think it held any purpose so it was scooped out or pulled through the nose using a long hook, and thrown away.

 
It was the fashion of the times to wear wigs. Women as well as men might shave their head so that they would not suffer from the heat while wearing them. Wigs were made of real hair or sheep's wool.

The pharaohs often wore long, fake beards as a symbol of power. One queen was known to wear a beard, showing her greatness to equal any king.

The Egyptians wore heavy black makeup around their eyes to make them stand out. This included men as well as women.

 

Fun Facts

  • Many rich Egyptians had houses with as many as 70 rooms while most of the poor lived in small, one room mud huts.

  • Egyptian men wore as much jewelry as women and wore perfume as well. Women often wore their perfume in wax cones placed on their heads. In Egyptian art you can see the stains on their clothing from its melting,

  • Both men and women wore green eyeliner made from malachite.

  • Boys often had their heads shaved except for a long side lock. Girls could be seen wearing their hair in braids.

  • Egyptians didn't sleep with pillows, instead they had elevated head rests made of stone, bone, or wood.

  • Children had toys with moveable parts such as tails that wagged and legs that moved.

  • Instead of glass mirrors, the Egyptians used polished metal disks to see their reflections.

  • Bread was the most common food and beer the favorite mealtime beverage. Beer was also used in religious ceremonies.

  • The Egyptians ate with their fingers. Even royalty held this practice.

  • Ancient Egyptians believed eating fried mice would cure a toothache.

  • It is also believe they had remedies for baldness and graying hair.

  • In Egyptian art, men and women never danced together. Men danced with men and women with women.

  • The form of paper used by the Egyptians was called papyrus as it is made from the plant of the same name.

  • The Egyptians were the first to use fractions and had a unique numbering system, similar to the Roman numerals we are familiar with.

  • Egypt is among the world's leading orange producers. The Egyptians were also responsible for inventing beer.

  • Egyptians were the first to build boats and the first known people to fish for pleasure. They were also the first known civilization to keep bees for making honey and used it to heal wounds.

  • Pharaohs had many wives, but the "head" wife was usually his sister or stepsister.

  • Herodotus recorded that Khufu had his daughter work as a prostitute to help fund the building of his great pyramid. However, modern historians don't all agree with this theory.

  • Cobras were the guardians of the Pharaoh because it was believed that snakes had no eyelids and were therefore vigilant guardians against danger and evil.

  • Professional mourners were sometimes hired to grieve for the dead.

  • A special salt called Natron was used to embalm mummies. It was said to keep the moisture from the flesh and reduce odors. Small packets of this salt were packed into the abdominal cavity during the embalming process.

  • Upon death, Egyptian noblewomen were allowed to ripen a few days so that they would appear less attractive to their embalmers.

  • The pets of the Egyptians were often embalmed and buried with them to accompany their owners to their next life.

  • Despite all the methods taken to protect the tombs, almost all royal burial places were robbed in ancient times.


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09/29/01